When silent atrial fibrillation is detected in patients without a history of stroke, further monitoring is recommended to detect atrial fibrillation prior to initiating anticoagulation.

This study evaluated the lasting effect of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention on activity levels by comparing data between the DPP Outcome Study (DPPOS) cohort and adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2003-2006). DPPOS participants performed more accelerometer-measured moderate to vigorous physical activity than similar adults from NHANES more than 10 years after the start of DPP, with longitudinal questionnaire data supporting the accelerometer-based findings.

Poor adherence to immunosuppressive medication regimens can lead to transplant loss. Wireless pill bottles, which track each time the cap is opened, can warn patients when a dose is overdue and allow health care providers to track treatment adherence. In this issue of AJKD, Reese and colleagues report on a randomized trial testing whether this new technology can help improve medication adherence in kidney transplant recipients. Patients with more intensive reminders showed better adherence, suggesting that this strategy is worth exploring to see whether it can decrease graft loss.

Surgery <2 weeks after endometrial cancer diagnosis is associated with increased risk of mortality; outcomes associated with surgical delay differ for high- and low-risk cancers.

Warmer temperature can alter pollen concentration and may affect allergic diseases such as hay fever. This study linked National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 1997 to 2013 (N=505,386 respondents) with extreme heat event data. During 1997-2013, hay fever prevalence among adults 18 years and older was 8.43%. Age, race/ethnicity, poverty status, education, and sex were significantly associated with hay fever status. The authors observed that adults in the highest quartile of exposure to extreme heat events had 7% increased odds of hay fever compared with those in the lowest quartile of exposure (Odds Ratios 1.07, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.02-1.11). These data suggest that exposure to extreme heat events is associated with increased prevalence of hay fever among US adults.

System- and visit-level strategies can increase the delivery of clinical preventive services and interventions to adolescents and young adults. Future efforts should focus on expanding research on young adults, parent involvement, the health effects of preventive services, and innovative technology and utilizing developmental science to inform models of care.

This report originated from a collaboration between the Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks and the American Pain Society -- the ACTTION-APS Pain Taxonomy. Collaborators were selected according to contributions to the science and management of cancer pain, representing multiple disciplines. Based on this qualitative review and after extensive discussion, the diagnostic criteria for three representative chronic cancer-related pain syndromes were collectively developed, including cancer-induced bone pain, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, and pancreatic cancer pain.

A study in The BMJ found an association between obesity and 11 cancers, including multiple myeloma, colon cancer, biliary tract system cancer, breast cancer and kidney cancer. UK researchers evaluated 95 meta-analyses and found that the increase in cancer risk for every 5-kg/m2 increase in body mass index ranged from 9% for rectal cancer in male patients to 56% for biliary tract system cancer.

Data showed 16% of heart attack patients met physical activity guidelines five weeks after hospital discharge, but patients grew more likely to meet recommendations over time, according to a study in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Researchers said interventions to increase physical activity after acute coronary syndrome are needed and suggested options such as exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation or monitoring exercise and giving feedback in real time to patients and clinicians.

A study in Diabetes Care showed that the hazard ratio for all-cause-related mortality was greatest among older diabetes patients with an HbA1C of at least 9%, followed by those with an HbA1C of at least 8%, compared with those with well-controlled diabetes, and also greater among those with undiagnosed diabetes with an HbA1C of at least 6.5% compared with adults without diabetes. Researchers found that increased cardiovascular disease-related mortality risk was only significant among those with diabetes and an HbA1C of at least 9%, compared with adults without diabetes.

Peer-to-peer assessments are an effective way for hospitals to ensure patient safety and quality of care, safety expert Dr. Peter Pronovost writes. He says the assessments, conducted by a clinical team from another hospital, are aimed at creating an environment of learning instead of judgment and highlighting both weaknesses and successes.

Researchers found that family reporting increased overall pediatric error and adverse event rates by about 16% and nearly 10%, respectively, than without family reporting. The findings in JAMA Pediatrics, based on 2014 to 2015 survey data involving 717 parents and caregivers of hospitalized youths, also showed that families reported five times as many errors and nearly three times as many adverse events, compared with hospital incident reports.

A new survey conducted by The Harris Poll and HealthDay found that 69% of those polled had little or no knowledge about the threat about antibiotic-resistant pathogens, with 53% incorrectly believing that antibiotics are efficient in battling viral infections. One encouraging result of the survey was that 66% of the respondents mentioned inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions as a probable cause of the "superbug" health threat.